Glossary — Indonesian carbon-market terms
Plain-language definitions of the methodologies, registries, regulations, and market terms that appear across KarbonLens project pages. Updated as the market evolves.
Methodologies
Verra and CDM methodologies that govern how project credits are quantified and verified.
methodology
ACM0001
CDM consolidated large-scale methodology for landfill-gas capture, flaring, or productive use — covers methane recovery from municipal solid-waste landfills.
methodology
ACM0002
The CDM's large-scale consolidated methodology for grid-connected renewable electricity — hydro, wind, solar, geothermal, and tidal feeders.
methodology
AM0029
CDM baseline methodology for grid-connected natural-gas electricity generation — credits the displacement of higher-carbon coal generation on the connected grid.
methodology
AMS-I.D.
CDM small-scale methodology for grid-connected renewable-electricity generation — covers utility-scale solar/wind/hydro up to the 15 MW small-scale cap.
methodology
AMS-II.G.
CDM small-scale methodology for energy-efficiency measures in non-renewable biomass thermal applications — the standard methodology for clean-cookstove projects.
methodology
AMS-II.H.
CDM small-scale methodology for industrial energy-efficiency improvements via centralisation of utility provision — niche but used by a handful of Indonesian palm-oil refining projects.
methodology
AMS-III.H
The CDM's small-scale methodology for methane recovery in wastewater treatment, capped at 60 ktCO2e/yr, current version 19 — the standard POME biogas methodology.
methodology
AR-ACM0003
CDM consolidated large-scale methodology for afforestation and reforestation on non-wetland lands — the most common A/R methodology in CDM project registrations.
methodology
AR-AMS0007
CDM small-scale methodology for Afforestation and Reforestation on grasslands or croplands — covers projects under 16,000 tCO₂e/year of removals.
methodology
VM0007
Verra's modular REDD+ Methodology Framework, current version 1.8, covering avoided unplanned/planned deforestation and afforestation/reforestation activities under VCS.
methodology
VM0009
Verra methodology for Avoided Ecosystem Conversion — credits projects that prevent the conversion of any natural ecosystem to non-forest land use.
methodology
VM0010
Verra's Improved Forest Management methodology for converting logging concessions to protected forest, recently revised and ICVCM-endorsed.
methodology
VM0011
Verra methodology (legacy) for crediting projects that prevent the planned degradation of forests — superseded by VM0048's planned-degradation module.
methodology
VM0033
Verra's blue-carbon methodology for restoration of tidal wetlands, mangroves, and seagrass meadows, with peat-rewetting modules.
methodology
VM0042
Verra methodology for Improved Agricultural Land Management — credits practices like cover cropping, reduced tillage, and nutrient management that increase soil-carbon stocks.
methodology
VM0044
Verra's biochar methodology, version 1.2 active from June 2025 and ICVCM CCP-approved, crediting durable carbon storage in soils and materials.
methodology
VM0047
Verra's consolidated ARR methodology, activated May 2025, using dynamic remote-sensing benchmarks; ICVCM CCP-approved.
methodology
VM0048
Verra's consolidated REDD methodology launched November 2023, replacing the AUD/APD modules of VM0007 with a single jurisdictional-baseline approach.
methodology
VM0051
Verra's rice-cultivation methodology active February 2025, replacing CDM AMS-III.AU with dual-gas CH4+N2O monitoring and AWD water management.
methodology
VMR0006
Legacy Verra clean-cookstove methodology superseded in October 2024 by VM0050; withdrawn from ICVCM CCP assessment after the C-Quest Capital integrity scandal.
methodology
VMR0014
Verra electric and hybrid vehicle methodology effective July 2025, replacing CDM AMS-III.C, which inactivates in August 2026.
Registries
National and international registries that issue and track carbon units.
registry
ART/TREES
Architecture for REDD+ Transactions and its TREES Standard — a jurisdictional REDD+ standard issuing TREES Credits, distinct from Verra's project-level VCS REDD+.
registry
CCBA
Multi-stakeholder alliance whose CCB Standard certifies the social and biodiversity co-benefits of land-based carbon projects — often layered on top of VCS.
registry
Gold Standard
Verra's main competitor in the voluntary carbon market — a Swiss-based standard with stricter sustainable-development co-benefit requirements than VCS.
registry
SPE-GRK
Indonesia's domestic GHG emission-reduction certificate, issued via SRN-PPI and traded on the IDXCarbon spot market.
registry
SRN
Indonesia's National Registry System for climate action — the umbrella registry of which SRN-PPI is the carbon-trading slice operated by KLHK.
registry
SRN-PPI
Indonesia's national climate-change control registry, maintained by KLHK; post-October 2025 Verra MRA, Indonesian VCS projects dual-register on SRN-PPI.
registry
VCS
The carbon-credit standard owned by Verra — the most widely used voluntary-market standard globally, including the bulk of Indonesian project credits.
registry
VCU
The fungible carbon credit issued under Verra's VCS programme — one VCU equals one tonne of CO₂e reduced, avoided, or removed.
Regulation
Indonesian legal instruments — presidential, ministerial, and agency-level — that shape the carbon market.
regulation
BAPPENAS
Indonesia's national development planning agency, custodian of the long-term low-carbon development plan (LCDI) and the operationalisation of the NDC.
regulation
BPDLH
Indonesia's Environment Fund Management Agency, channelling climate finance and result-based payments tied to Indonesian carbon and forest projects.
regulation
EUDR
EU regulation 2023/1115 banning import of deforestation-linked commodities (palm, soy, beef, cocoa, coffee, rubber, wood) — material for Indonesian export supply chains.
regulation
FOLU Net Sink 2030
Indonesia's strategic plan for the forestry and land-use sector to become a net-negative emissions sink by 2030 — the centrepiece of the enhanced NDC.
regulation
IUPHHK
Indonesia's pre-2021 timber forest-product utilisation permit (HA / HT / RE variants) — the land-tenure instrument that anchors many legacy REDD+ projects.
regulation
JDIH
Indonesia's nation-wide legal-document repository network — the primary public source for laws (UU), regulations (PP, Perpres, Permen) cited on KarbonLens.
regulation
Kemenhut
The post-2024-split Indonesian Ministry of Forestry, separated out from the consolidated KLHK and now the dedicated forestry-sector regulator.
regulation
Kemenkeu
Indonesia's Ministry of Finance — sets the carbon tax (introduced under HPP Law 7/2021) and oversees BPDLH, the public body that channels climate finance.
regulation
KLHK
Indonesia's Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the line ministry that issues forestry concessions and carbon-trading permits for forestry-based projects.
regulation
NEK
Indonesia's official term for 'carbon economic value' — the umbrella framework introduced by Perpres 98/2021 that covers pricing, trading, taxes, and result-based payments.
regulation
OJK
Indonesia's Financial Services Authority, the regulator of IDXCarbon and the issuer of POJK 14/2023 which set the carbon-exchange operating rules.
regulation
PBPH
Indonesia's post-2021 unified forest-utilisation business license framework — successor to the IUPHHK-HA/HT/RE permits.
regulation
Permendag
A regulation issued by Indonesia's Ministry of Trade — the regulator of carbon-trading exchanges and cross-border carbon commerce.
regulation
Permenhut
An Indonesian Ministry of Forestry regulation; Permenhut 6/2026 is the current implementing regulation for forest-sector carbon trading.
regulation
Perpres
An Indonesian presidential regulation; Perpres 98/2021 set the carbon-pricing baseline and Perpres 110/2025 opens international carbon trading.
regulation
POJK
A regulation issued by Indonesia's Financial Services Authority (OJK); POJK 14/2023 set the operating rules for the IDXCarbon carbon exchange.
regulation
PP
An Indonesian Government Regulation, issued by the President to operationalise a law; sits between UU and Perpres in the legal hierarchy.
regulation
UU
An Indonesian law, the highest tier of national legislation, passed by the House of Representatives (DPR) and signed by the President.
Market & frameworks
Market frameworks, certification overlays, and the underlying activity classes traded as credits.
market
Additionality
The principle that a carbon project's emissions reductions must not have happened without the carbon-credit revenue — the foundational integrity test.
market
ARR
A removal-credit activity class that plants or regrows vegetation, distinct from REDD+ avoidance; consolidated under VCS methodology VM0047.
market
Article 6
The Paris Agreement provisions (6.2, 6.4, 6.8) for international cooperation on mitigation, enabling cross-border carbon-credit transfers between NDCs.
market
BeZero
A London-based carbon-credit ratings agency — assesses projects on an AAA-D scale based on environmental integrity, permanence, and additionality.
market
CCB / CCBS
Co-benefit overlay certification on VCS projects; Gold-level designations indicate exceptional climate, community, or biodiversity performance.
market
CCM
A carbon market in which regulated emitters are legally required to surrender allowances or eligible offsets to cover their emissions.
market
CCP
ICVCM's ten high-level principles defining a high-integrity carbon credit — assessed methodology-by-methodology, with category-level eligibility labels.
market
CDM
UNFCCC's Kyoto-era project-based crediting mechanism, winding down and transitioning to the Article 6.4 mechanism under the Paris Agreement.
market
CER
The unit of CDM trade — one CER equals one tonne of CO₂e reduced under a CDM-registered project, with serialised tracking in the UN CDM registry.
market
Corresponding Adjustment
The Article 6 accounting mechanism that prevents double counting — when an ITMO transfers to a buyer country, the host country adds the tonnes back to its reported emissions.
market
CORSIA
ICAO's global market-based scheme requiring international airlines to offset emissions growth above a baseline using ICAO-approved carbon-credit categories.
market
DOE
Accredited third-party CDM auditor — the body that independently validates CDM project designs and verifies emissions reductions before CERs are issued.
market
GCF
The UNFCCC-affiliated multilateral fund channelling climate finance from developed to developing countries — a major source of REDD+ result-based payments to Indonesia.
market
ICVCM
The integrity body that assesses voluntary-market methodologies against its Core Carbon Principles (CCPs) and labels CCP-eligible categories.
market
IDXCarbon
The Indonesia Stock Exchange's carbon spot market, launched September 2023, trading SPE-GRK units issued through SRN-PPI.
market
ITMO
A Paris Agreement Article 6.2 unit — one tonne CO₂e of emission reduction transferred between countries with corresponding adjustments to both NDCs.
market
LEAF Coalition
Public-private buyer coalition pre-committing to purchase verified jurisdictional REDD+ credits at scale — the largest demand-side signal for ART/TREES.
market
Leakage
When a carbon project displaces emissions to outside its boundary — e.g. avoided deforestation in one province driving increased clearing in another.
market
MRV
Measurement, Reporting and Verification — the discipline of quantifying, documenting, and independently checking emissions reductions or removals claimed by a carbon project.
market
NDC
A country's pledged emissions-reduction target under the Paris Agreement; Indonesia's current NDC targets 31.89% reduction unconditional, 43.20% with international support, by 2030.
market
NDPE
The supply-chain commitment framework adopted by major palm-oil buyers — no deforestation, no peat-soil development, no exploitation of workers or communities.
market
Permanence
The requirement that a carbon project's reductions or removals are durable over a specified time horizon (typically 100 years for forestry credits).
market
REDD+
UNFCCC framework for crediting avoided emissions from deforestation and degradation, plus the "+" enhancements: conservation, sustainable management, and forest-stock enhancement.
market
Retirement
The permanent withdrawal of a carbon credit from circulation by recording it in a registry against a specific use claim — the action that turns a credit into an offset.
market
Sylvera
A London-based carbon-credit ratings agency — independent project assessments scored A-D using satellite data, financial analysis, and methodology critique.
market
VCM
The market in which buyers — usually corporates with voluntary net-zero pledges — purchase carbon credits without a regulatory obligation to do so.
market
VCMI
Demand-side integrity body that defines a claims code for corporates using voluntary carbon credits — the buyer-side counterpart to supply-side ICVCM.
market
Vintage
The calendar year in which a carbon credit's emissions reduction or removal occurred — distinct from the year it was issued or sold.
Technical terms
Engineering and feedstock terms that show up in project documents.
technical
GFW
World Resources Institute's open-data platform for forest monitoring — KarbonLens pulls weekly satellite-alert layers (RADD, GLAD-S2, VIIRS) from its API.
technical
GLAD
Maryland's optical-satellite deforestation alert family — GLAD-L from Landsat (30 m) and GLAD-S2 from Sentinel-2 (10 m), updated multiple times per week.
technical
POME
The high-COD liquid effluent from crude palm oil milling; methane from open-lagoon decay is a major Indonesian carbon-project target.
technical
RADD
Wageningen University's near-real-time radar-based deforestation alert — uses Sentinel-1 SAR to detect tropical forest loss even through cloud cover.
technical
RSPO
The leading certification standard for sustainable palm oil — distinct from carbon crediting but adjacent for Indonesian palm-related carbon projects.