ITMO

Full explainer

ITMO — Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcome — is the unit of trade under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement, the bilateral cooperation track. When a host country (e.g. Indonesia) authorises the transfer of a mitigation outcome to a buyer country (e.g. Singapore or Japan), the host commits to a corresponding adjustment: adding the transferred tonnes back to its own reported emissions so the credit cannot be counted twice toward both NDCs.

Indonesia's domestic legal anchor for ITMO transfers is Perpres 110/2025, which explicitly opened the NEK framework to international cooperative approaches. Indonesia signed Implementation Agreements with Singapore, Japan, Switzerland, and several others, with KLHK-issued Surat Otorisasi (letters of authorisation) and corresponding-adjustment recording the gating steps. Article 6.4 ITMOs — under the centralised PACM mechanism — are a separate track.

Related terms

• Article 6
• NDC
• Perpres