Permenhut 6/2026 Dijelaskan: Babak Baru Karbon Hutan Indonesia

Published · Auto-composed from the week's data refresh

Setelah hampir setahun praktisi karbon menunggu, Permenhut 6/2026 akhirnya terbit. Menteri Kehutanan Raja Juli Antoni meneken regulasi ini pada 6 April 2026, lalu Kementerian Hukum mengundangkannya pada 13 April. Judul lengkapnya, "Tata Cara Perdagangan Karbon Melalui Offset Emisi GRK Sektor Kehutanan", terdengar teknokratis. Isinya jauh lebih politis: aturan ini menentukan siapa boleh menjual kredit, lewat jalur mana, dan dengan persyaratan apa, untuk 16 proyek karbon hutan yang sudah antre menunggu masuk pasar Mei 2026.

Singkatnya: rezim kuota selesai, rezim project-based offset dimulai. Dan untuk pertama kalinya sejak Perpres 98/2021, kredit karbon Indonesia punya jalur eksplisit ke pasar internasional tanpa harus menunggu NDC tercapai.

Dari Perpres 98/2021 ke Perpres 110/2025

Perlu sedikit konteks. Perpres 98/2021 adalah cetak biru awal Nilai Ekonomi Karbon (NEK). Aturan itu mengunci sebagian besar kredit karbon di pasar domestik dan, dalam praktik, membekukan ekspor unit karbon Indonesia selama tiga tahun. Lalu pada 10 Oktober 2025, Perpres 110/2025 menggantikannya. Perpres baru ini memberi pijakan operasional untuk Article 6 Perjanjian Paris, termasuk Otorisasi dan Corresponding Adjustment yang selama ini jadi titik buntu negosiasi proyek-proyek REDD+.

Permenhut 6/2026 adalah lapisan operasional sektor kehutanan dari Perpres 110/2025. Tanpa Permenhut ini, Otorisasi Article 6 di sektor FOLU tidak punya prosedur konkret. Sekarang ada.

Dua jalur: SPE GRK dan non-SPE GRK

Pasal 5 dan 6 Permenhut 6/2026 menetapkan dua skema penerbitan unit karbon, dan keduanya wajib teregistrasi di SRUK (Sistem Registri Unit Karbon) milik KLHK.

Jalur pertama, SPE GRK. Sertifikat ini diterbitkan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup atas rekomendasi Menteri Kehutanan, menggunakan standar nasional, dan ditujukan untuk pasar domestik plus pemenuhan NDC. Dokumen pendukungnya DRAM (Dokumen Rancangan Aksi Mitigasi). Tidak ada Corresponding Adjustment di jalur ini, karena unitnya tidak keluar batas yurisdiksi Indonesia.

Jalur kedua, non-SPE GRK. Ini jalur untuk standar internasional voluntary, terutama Verra dan Gold Standard. Persetujuan Menteri Kehutanan berlaku enam bulan, harus diperpanjang berkala, dan dokumen utamanya DPP (Dokumen Perencanaan Proyek). Yang krusial: jalur non-SPE GRK dalam interpretasi Permenhut 6/2026 dirancang tanpa transfer unit keluar negeri sebagai ITMO. Untuk ekspor ITMO yang sebenarnya, proyek masih perlu Letter of Authorization terpisah dari Menteri LH, mengikuti Perpres 110/2025 Pasal 50-an.

Ini ambiguitas pertama yang perlu diselesaikan tahun ini. Praktisi yang saya temui di sela rapat Kadin Lingkungan Hidup minggu lalu menyebutnya "dua-pintu yang belum jelas siapa pegang kuncinya."

Pelaku yang diperluas: perhutanan sosial masuk

Yang membuat Permenhut 6/2026 berbeda dari draft 2024 adalah pasal kepesertaan. Sebelumnya, hanya pemegang IUPHHK-RE (yang sebagian sudah dikonversi jadi PBPH) dan pemegang Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Jasa Lingkungan Karbon yang berhak menjual kredit. Permenhut 6/2026 memperluas daftar itu: kelompok perhutanan sosial, masyarakat hukum adat, pemilik hutan rakyat, hingga pengelola jasa lingkungan karbon.

"Kami ingin manfaat ekonomi dari karbon tidak hanya berkontribusi pada target iklim nasional, tapi juga berdampak nyata bagi masyarakat dan kelestarian hutan Indonesia," ujar Raja Juli pada konferensi pers 15 April. Dalam prakteknya, masyarakat adat dan kelompok perhutanan sosial wajib didampingi mitra terdaftar, yang oleh juru bicara Kemenhut Ristianto Pribadi dijelaskan bisa berupa konsultan individu, bukan harus korporasi besar. Ini pergeseran penting. Sampai 2025, biaya validasi-verifikasi Verra mengunci proyek-proyek kecil di luar pasar.

Risiko jelas: tanpa kapasitas teknis lokal, "didampingi mitra terdaftar" bisa berubah jadi pengambilalihan ekonomi dari komunitas oleh agregator. Pasal benefit-sharing di Permenhut 6/2026 mengharuskan PADIATAPA (FPIC) dan disclosure perjanjian, tetapi tidak menetapkan rasio bagi-hasil minimal. KLHK menyerahkannya ke kontrak.

Implikasi per sub-sektor

REDD+. 66 proyek Verra Indonesia yang sudah cross-register sekarang punya jalur formal untuk meminta persetujuan non-SPE GRK. Flagships seperti Katingan Mentaya, Rimba Raya, dan Kampar Peninsula sudah lama menunggu kepastian ini. Dharsono Hartono dari Katingan Mentaya, yang juga Wakil Ketua Kadin bidang Lingkungan, menyebut Permenhut 6/2026 sebagai "tonggak penting" yang memperkuat arsitektur pasar nasional. Yang belum ia katakan di depan kamera: proyek seperti Katingan masih perlu menyelesaikan rekonsiliasi baseline dengan FREL (Forest Reference Emission Level) nasional, dan ini bukan urusan Permenhut, melainkan Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Perubahan Iklim.

Gambut. Permenhut 6/2026 menyebut ekosistem gambut secara eksplisit di Pasal 12 dan 28 sebagai zona yang harus memenuhi additionality dan FPIC penuh. Proyek peat seperti Kampar Peninsula yang sudah bertahun-tahun bermasalah dengan tumpang-tindih konsesi sawit dan HTI sekarang punya tempat hukum yang lebih kokoh untuk dipertahankan, asalkan PBPH-nya valid.

Mangrove. Ini area yang paling underdeveloped. Permenhut 6/2026 mengakomodasinya, tetapi metodologi MRV mangrove di standar nasional belum setara dengan VCS VM0033. Ekspektasinya, Badan Restorasi Mangrove dan Gambut (BRGM) akan merilis pedoman teknis turunannya dalam Q3 2026. Sampai itu keluar, proyek mangrove yang ingin SPE GRK harus pakai metodologi internasional dengan persetujuan ad hoc.

Afforestation dan ARR. Skema reforestasi dan afforestasi di hutan rakyat sekarang eligible, tetapi additionality untuk lahan yang sudah masuk skema program nasional (Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan) akan jadi PR. Proyek ARR yang dibiayai APBN tidak bisa dijual sebagai kredit, sesuai prinsip double-counting Pasal 30.

Yang masih kabur

Tiga hal yang harus jadi perhatian praktisi:

Pertama, regime transisi. Permenhut 6/2026 tidak menjabarkan rinci nasib proyek yang sudah diterbitkan unit Verra-nya sebelum April 2026. Apakah unit lama otomatis diakui di SRUK, atau perlu re-registrasi penuh? Edo Mahendra, Penasihat Utama Menteri Kehutanan, menyatakan bahwa regulasi ini memberi "kejelasan dan stabilitas", tetapi panduan teknis transisi belum keluar dalam bentuk Keputusan Menteri.

Kedua, harga referensi. Pasar IDXCarbon masih tipis. Snapshot Maret 2026 mencatat harga rata-rata Rp 42.660 per tCO2e dengan volume 43.117 ton. Bandingkan dengan Desember 2024 yang masih Rp 58.000 per ton. Permenhut 6/2026 tidak memberi mekanisme penetapan harga dasar atau pajak karbon yang ditunggu. UU HPP Pasal 13 soal carbon tax masih ngambang. Tanpa demand side reform, jalur SPE GRK akan tetap ilikuid.

Ketiga, interface BPDLH. Dana adaptasi dan mitigasi yang harus dikutip dari hasil perdagangan karbon (sesuai Perpres 110/2025) belum punya tarif baku di sektor kehutanan. BPDLH menunggu PMK turunan. Pengembang yang sedang menutup deal harus mengasumsikan haircut 5-15% sampai angka resmi keluar.

Yang sebaiknya dilakukan kuartal ini

Bagi pemegang PBPH atau IUPHHK-RE dengan proyek aktif: lengkapi audit kepatuhan administrasi dan teknis. Permenhut 6/2026 secara eksplisit mensyaratkan review track record kepatuhan sebelum rekomendasi diterbitkan. Bagi developer REDD+ yang masih di tahap PDD: pertimbangkan dual-track filing (SPE GRK + non-SPE GRK) untuk hedge terhadap perubahan tarif BPDLH. Bagi kelompok perhutanan sosial: pilih mitra terdaftar yang transparan soal benefit-sharing sebelum tanda tangan apapun. Kontrak yang dibuat sekarang akan jadi presedent untuk 20 tahun ke depan.

Permenhut 6/2026 bukan jawaban final. Tapi setelah dua tahun stagnasi pasca-Perpres 98/2021, ini langkah pertama yang serius untuk membuka jalur Article 6 di sektor yang paling penting bagi NDC Indonesia: hutan.

English version

After nearly a year of practitioners waiting, Permenhut 6/2026 is finally on the books. Minister of Forestry Raja Juli Antoni signed it on 6 April 2026, and the Ministry of Law promulgated it on 13 April. The full title, "Procedures for Carbon Trading Through GHG Emission Offsets in the Forestry Sector," reads technocratic. The content is more political: it decides who gets to sell credits, through which pathway, and on what terms, for the 16 forest carbon projects in queue to enter the market in May 2026.

The short version: the quota regime is over, project-based offsets are in. And for the first time since Perpres 98/2021, Indonesian forest credits have an explicit lane to international markets without having to wait for the NDC to be met first.

From Perpres 98/2021 to Perpres 110/2025

A bit of background. Perpres 98/2021 was the initial blueprint for Nilai Ekonomi Karbon, Indonesia's carbon pricing framework. It locked most credits inside the domestic market and effectively froze exports of Indonesian carbon units for three years. Then on 10 October 2025, Perpres 110/2025 replaced it. The new presidential decree set up the operational scaffolding for Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, including the Authorization and Corresponding Adjustment machinery that has been the choke point for REDD+ projects.

Permenhut 6/2026 is the forestry-sector operational layer of Perpres 110/2025. Without it, Article 6 authorization in the FOLU sector had no concrete procedure. Now it does.

Two pathways: SPE GRK and non-SPE GRK

Articles 5 and 6 of Permenhut 6/2026 establish two carbon-unit issuance schemes, both of which must be registered in SRUK (Sistem Registri Unit Karbon), the national carbon unit registry held by KLHK.

The first pathway is SPE GRK. This certificate is issued by the Minister of Environment on the recommendation of the Minister of Forestry, uses national standards, and is aimed at the domestic market and NDC accounting. The supporting document is a DRAM (Mitigation Action Design Document). No Corresponding Adjustment applies, because units never leave Indonesian jurisdiction.

The second pathway is non-SPE GRK. This covers international voluntary standards, mainly Verra and Gold Standard. The Forestry Minister's approval is valid for six months and must be renewed, and the main document is the DPP (Project Planning Document). The catch: as drafted, non-SPE GRK under Permenhut 6/2026 is not the same as ITMO export. For actual cross-border ITMO transfers, a project still needs a separate Letter of Authorization from the Environment Minister under Perpres 110/2025.

That is the first ambiguity that needs cleaning up this year. A practitioner I spoke with at a Kadin Environment meeting last week described it as "a two-door system where it is still unclear who holds which key."

Eligibility expanded: social forestry is in

What separates Permenhut 6/2026 from the 2024 draft is the eligibility section. Previously, only holders of IUPHHK-RE (many now converted to PBPH) and holders of the Carbon Environmental Services business permit could sell credits. Permenhut 6/2026 widens the list: social forestry groups, indigenous legal communities, smallholder forest owners, and carbon environmental service operators.

"We want the economic benefits of carbon not only to contribute to national climate targets, but also to produce real impact for communities and the sustainability of Indonesia's forests," Raja Juli told reporters on 15 April. In practice, indigenous communities and social forestry groups must work through registered partners, which the Ministry's spokesperson Ristianto Pribadi has clarified can be individual consultants rather than just large corporations. That is a meaningful shift. Until 2025, Verra validation-verification costs effectively priced smaller projects out.

The risk is obvious: without local technical capacity, "supported by a registered partner" can become an aggregator quietly capturing community economics. The benefit-sharing provisions in Permenhut 6/2026 require PADIATAPA (FPIC) and disclosure of agreements, but set no minimum revenue-share ratio. KLHK has left that to contract.

Sub-sector implications

REDD+. The 66 Indonesian Verra projects already cross-registered now have a formal route to apply for non-SPE GRK approval. Flagships like Katingan Mentaya, Rimba Raya, and Kampar Peninsula have been waiting years for this clarity. Dharsono Hartono of Katingan Mentaya, who is also Deputy Chair of Kadin Environment, called Permenhut 6/2026 "an important milestone" for the national market architecture. What he did not say on camera: projects like Katingan still need to reconcile their baselines with the national FREL, and that is a Directorate General of Climate Change matter, not a Permenhut matter.

Peat. Permenhut 6/2026 names peat ecosystems explicitly in Articles 12 and 28 as zones that must pass full additionality and FPIC tests. Peat projects like Kampar Peninsula, which have spent years tangled with overlapping palm oil and pulpwood concessions, now have firmer legal ground to defend their footprint, provided their PBPH is valid.

Mangrove. This is the most underdeveloped corner. Permenhut 6/2026 accommodates mangrove, but national MRV methodology for mangrove is not yet at parity with VCS VM0033. The expectation is that BRGM (Peat and Mangrove Restoration Agency) will issue technical guidance in Q3 2026. Until then, mangrove projects seeking SPE GRK have to use international methodology with ad hoc ministerial approval.

Afforestation and ARR. Reforestation and afforestation on community forest land is now eligible, but additionality on land already enrolled in the national Forest and Land Rehabilitation programme will be a headache. ARR projects financed by the state budget cannot be sold as credits under the double-counting prohibition in Article 30.

What is still unresolved

Three things practitioners should keep on their radar.

First, transition rules. Permenhut 6/2026 does not lay out, in detail, what happens to units already issued by Verra before April 2026. Are legacy units auto-recognized in SRUK, or do they need full re-registration? Edo Mahendra, Principal Advisor to the Forestry Minister, says the regulation provides "clarity and stability", but no Ministerial Decree on transition has been published yet.

Second, reference pricing. The IDXCarbon market is still thin. The March 2026 snapshot shows an average price of Rp 42,660 per tCO2e on volume of 43,117 tonnes, down from around Rp 58,000 at end-2024. Permenhut 6/2026 offers no floor-price mechanism or carbon tax trigger. The carbon tax in Article 13 of the HPP Law is still in limbo. Without demand-side reform, the SPE GRK pathway will stay illiquid.

Third, the BPDLH interface. Adaptation and mitigation levies that have to be paid from carbon trading proceeds, under Perpres 110/2025, do not yet have a forestry-sector rate card. BPDLH is waiting on a Ministry of Finance regulation. Developers closing deals right now should price in a 5-15% haircut until the official number lands.

What practitioners should do this quarter

For PBPH or IUPHHK-RE holders with active projects: finish your administrative and technical compliance audit. Permenhut 6/2026 explicitly requires a track-record review before any recommendation is issued. For REDD+ developers still at the PDD stage: consider dual-track filing (SPE GRK plus non-SPE GRK) to hedge against BPDLH rate changes. For social forestry groups: pick a registered partner who is transparent about benefit sharing before signing anything. Contracts drafted now will set precedents that hold for the next 20 years.

Permenhut 6/2026 is not the final answer. But after two years of stagnation following Perpres 98/2021, it is the first serious move to open an Article 6 pathway in the sector that matters most to Indonesia's NDC: forests.

Sources

1. Ecobiz Asia — Analisis Permenhut 6/2026 2. Kementerian Kehutanan — Industri Sambut Positif Permenhut 6/2026 3. Antara News — Permenhut 6/2026 dinilai beri stabilitas 4. Peraturan BPK RI — Perpres No. 110 Tahun 2025 5. Lita Paromita Siregar — Compliance Alert: Permenhut No. 6 Tahun 2026 6. Republika — Permenhut 6/2026: Langkah Baru untuk Masyarakat Lokal

Auto-composed from KarbonLens's weekly data refresh. Numbers and links are verified against the source tables at publish time; see methodology for the data sources.